Color_Vocabulary



**COLOR:** effect produced on the eye and its associated nerves by light waves of different wavelength or frequency. Light transmitted from an object to the eye stimulates the different color cones of the retina, thus making possible perception of various colors in the object.

 **COLOR WHEEL:** shows the primary colors, secondary colors, and the tertiary colors. It also shows the relationships between complementary colors across from each other on the color wheel, such as blue and orange; and analogous (similar or related) colors next to each other on the color wheel such as yellow, green and blue. Black and white may be thought of as colors but, in fact, they are not. White light is the presence of all color - black is the absence of reflected light and therefore the absence of color. Color wheels are helpful in the discussion and selection of colors using any color model. A standard color wheel has 12 distinct hues, but does not have any visual information about saturation or value. These 12 hues can be classified in three categories, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Red, yellow and blue are the primary colors. Primary colors are the most basic colors. You can't make them by mixing any other colors. Orange, green and purple are the secondary colors. A secondary color is made by mixing two primary colors. For instance, if you mix red and yellow, you get orange. A color wheel arranges colors around the edges of a circle. Primary colors are in the middle. Three common color wheels are the artist's wheel, the subtractive wheel, and the additive wheel. The artist's color wheel. This color wheel uses red, yellow, and blue as __primary colors.__ This is used for mixing paints.



__The subtractive color wheel.__ This color wheel uses the printing inks cyan, magenta, and yellow as primary colors. Note: Because cyan, magenta, and yellow inks do not combine to make black, the printing process adds black as a fourth ink.



__Additive Color.__ This color wheel displays the additive colors used for projected light. When mixed together the additive primaries form white. The primaries are red, green and blue. These colors are extremely bright because light that is projected can be far more intense than printed color.

**VALUE:** refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. Colors mixed with white are called tints. Pink is a tint of red. Colors mixed with black are called shades. Burgundy is a shade of red. Paintings that use only one color and the tints and shades of that color are called monochromatic (one=mono; color=chromatic). You can find the values of a color by making its tints and shades. __Tints__ are light values that are made by mixing a color with white. For example, pink is a tint of red, and light blue is a tint of blue. __Shades__ are dark values that are made by mixing a color with black. Maroon is a shade of red, and navy is a shade of bl﻿ue.

**ANALOGOUS COLORS** sit next to each other on the color wheel. They tend to look pleasant together because they are closely related.



**MOOD:** Colors are often associated with moods. For example, we say "green with envy," "a blue mood." Certain colors also look cool, such as blue, green and violet; and others look warm, like red, orange and yellow.



**NATURAL COLOR:** Artists use colors to create a variety of desired effects. When an artist paints a scene or objects realistically, colors are used in imitation of the things being painted.

**COLOR EFFECTS:** When small dots of pure color are applied close together, the viewer's eyes mix the colors. Notice that each dot of pure color the artist has used looks bright, but when your eye mixes them they are subdued, almost neutral.  **BLACK & WHITE:** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Theory 1 (Color as light):** __Black__ is the absence of color (and is therefore not a color). When there is no light, everything is black. Test this out by going into a photographic dark room. There are no photons of light. In other words, there are no photons of colors. __White__ is the blending of all colors and is a color. Light appears colorless or white. Sunlight is white light that is composed of all the colors of the spectrum. A rainbow is proof. You can't see the colors of sunlight except when atmospheric conditions bend the light rays and create a rainbow. You can also use a prism to demonstrate this.This is additive color theory. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span class="rev_type">However, when you examine the pigment chemistry of white, ground-up substances (such as chalk and bone) or chemicals (such as titanium and zinc) are used to create the many nuances of white in paint, chalk, crayons - and even products such as Noxema. It's worth noting that white paper is made by bleaching tree bark (paper pulp). Therefore, you could say that white is a color in the context of pigment chemistry. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Theory 3 (Vision and Reflection):** __Black__ is not a color; awhite is a color. A black object absorbs all the colors of the visible spectrum and <span class="highlight_yellow">reflects none of them to the eyes. A black object may look black, but, technically, it may still be reflecting some light. For example, a black pigment results from a combination of several pigments that collectively absorb most colors. In reality, what appears to be black may be reflecting some light. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__White__ is a color. White <span class="highlight_yellow">reflects all the colors of the visible light spectrum to the eyes. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In conclusión: The colors we see are simply a degree of how much of this color present in light is reflected. <span style="color: #4d096c; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**COLOR & FENG SHUI:** The Feng Shui Color Theory consists of the Yin and Yang. We already know what a color wheel is and that it is divided into two parts: the cool part (the purples through the greens) is Yin and the warm one (yellows through reds including oranges) is Yang. The most powerful Yang color is red, since it has the most force and energy of all the other colors and the most powerful Yin color is black, for the same reasons. There are five elements which govern the basic principles of the Feng Shui and are each represented by a range of colors. This means that each color has a specific meaning which will allow you to identify the colors that benefit you and the ones that don´t. The Wood element is represented by shades of green and brown and they take on the meaning of growth, hope and rebirth. The fire element is represented by pinks, purples, reds, oranges and dark yellows and they take on the meaning of love, wealth and reputation. The earth element is represented by light yellows, light browns and also tans; they take on the meaning of stability and nourishment. The metal element <span style="color: #4d096c; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">is represented by white and shades of gray and they take on the meaning of clarity and creativity. And finally, the water element is represented by black and different shades of blue and they take on the meaning of purity and wisdom. Each one of the elements listed above has a number of different years associated with it, so, you can know what´s your element by matching it with your year of birth and then determine which colors are beneficial to you. Colors can also be used in specific areas of a room with the help of a special diagram, which will help you determine which colors you should use on your home. <span style="color: #4d096c; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Theory 2 (Color as Pigment or Molecular Coloring Agents): **__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bl ack__ is a color. Here's a simple way to show how black is made: Combine all three primary colors (red yellow and blue) using a liquid paint or you even food coloring. You won't get a jet black, but the point will be clear. The history of black pigments includes charcoal, iron metals, and other chemicals as the source of black paints. __White__ is not a color. But in some cases you could say that white is a color. Technically, pure white is the absence of color. In other words, you can't mix colors to create white. Therefore, white is the absence of color in the strictest sense of the definition.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">COLORS AND LANGUAGE **

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Very clear and easy to understand: //in black and white// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">To feel sad: //to feel blue// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Something that is not true but causes no harm: //a white lie// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Special honours for a special or important person: //the red carpet// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jealous of someone else's good fortune: //green with envy// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Having Money: //in the black// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Complicated official procedures and forms: //red tape// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The OK to start something: //the green light// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">By surprise, unexpectedly: //out of the blue// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The market not controlled by the government: //the black market// <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Owing money, in debt: //be in the red//